Phase III Luteus Pleco (12-13”)

Scientific name: Hypostomus luteus

Maximum size and lifespan:
This species can reach up to 45 cm (18 inches) in total length and live for 12–20 years in captivity with proper care. Growth is gradual, but they become quite large and robust adults requiring substantial space.

Recommended aquarium size, water change, and water parameters:
An aquarium of at least 180 gallons (570 liters) is recommended for a single adult, as they are active and produce significant waste. Provide excellent filtration and moderate to strong water flow to simulate river conditions.

• Temperature: 19–24°C (67–75°F)

• pH: 6.5–7.5

• Water changes: 25–30% weekly to maintain high water quality and low nitrate levels.
  Include plenty of driftwood, rocks, and shaded hiding areas. Ensure good oxygenation through surface agitation or powerheads.

Tankmates:
Generally peaceful but territorial toward other bottom dwellers of similar size or shape.

Ideal tankmates include large Cichlids like Severum and Geophagus. Silver Dollars and Barbs, Discus, Peacock Bass, and Arowana. They can mix with lots of other species of fish.

Avoid fin-nippers and any other large plecos (Can be done with caution)

Diet:
Primarily herbivorous/detritivorous, feeding on algae and plant matter in the wild. In captivity, offer:

• Algae wafers and sinking vegetable-based pellets

• Sinking Cat Scrapers and Carnivore pellets

• Fresh vegetables such as zucchini, cucumber, spinach, and peas

• Occasional treats of protein foods like shrimp pellets or bloodworms, but sparingly
  Provide driftwood for fiber and grazing surfaces, as it aids digestion and mimics their natural feeding behavior.

Overview:
The Phase 3 Luteus Pleco, also known as the Golden Sailfin Pleco, represents the mature color stage of Hypostomus luteus, where the fish displays a brilliant yellow-gold body with reduced dark markings. It is a large, striking pleco prized for its beauty and rarity, but it demands space, strong filtration, and clean water. They are hardy once established but best suited for experienced aquarists due to their size and environmental needs.

Natural environment:
Native to Uruguay River basin and nearby tributaries in South America. Found in flowing, oxygen-rich rivers with rocky or sandy bottoms, driftwood, and submerged vegetation. These waters are clean, moderately soft, and often shaded, offering algae and biofilm for feeding.

Breeding:
Breeding Hypostomus luteus in captivity is extremely rare and not well documented. They are believed to be cave spawners, with males guarding eggs until hatching, similar to other Hypostomus species. Large, mature specimens, excellent water conditions, and environmental triggers such as temperature and flow changes may be required, though success is seldom reported.