XL Redtail Catfish (16”)

Species Overview

• Scientific Name: Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

• Origin: Amazon and Orinoco River basins in South America

• Temperament: Predatory, territorial, and fast-growing

• Lifespan: 15–20 years (or longer in excellent conditions)

 Habitat

• Natural Environment:
  Found in large rivers, flooded forests, and lakes across the Amazon, Orinoco, and Essequibo basins. These waters are warm, soft, and oxygen-rich, with muddy or sandy bottoms and submerged wood.

• Water Conditions:

  • Temperature: 72–82°F (22–28°C)

  • pH: 6.0–7.5

  • Hardness: 2–12 dGH

  • Prefers stable, well-oxygenated water with minimal current

Diet

• Carnivorous Predator:
  In the wild, Redtail Catfish eat:

  • Fish

  • Crustaceans

  • Insects

  • Small mammals (occasionally)

• In Captivity:
  A high-protein, balanced diet is essential:

  • Staple foods:

    • Sinking carnivore pellets

    • Cut fish fillets (tilapia, salmon)

    • Shrimp, mussels

    • Earthworms, nightcrawlers

  • Avoid:

    • Live feeder fish (due to disease risk)

     

Feed 2–3 times per week when adult. Juveniles need more frequent, smaller meals.

 Maximum Size

• Adult Size (Captivity):

  • Up to 3.5–4 feet 

  • Weight: 50–80+ pounds 

• Growth Rate: Extremely fast — juveniles can grow several inches per month

 Recommended Aquarium Size

• Minimum Tank Size (Long-Term):

  • 800-1,000+ gallons with strong filtration
    

• Tank Setup:

  • Substrate: Sand or bare bottom

  • Decor:

    • Large driftwood, smooth rocks

    • Wide open swimming space

  • Lighting: Dim to moderate (they’re crepuscular)

  • Filtration: Heavy-duty canister or sump filters + frequent water changes

  • Lid: Must be secure — they can jump!