LARGE Jaguar Cichlid (6-8.5”)

Scientific Name:

Parachromis managuensis

Maximum Size and Lifespan:

• Size: Up to 16–24 inches (40–60 cm), with males often being larger than females.

• Lifespan: Around 10–15 years in captivity with proper care.

Recommended Aquarium Size:

• Minimum Tank Size:

  • Solo Adult/Pair: 125 gallons (475 liters) 

  • Juveniles can be raised in 30-90 gallons for better observation

  • Breeding pair/Community Setup: 180 gallons  or larger

• These fish are large, active, and highly territorial, so tank size is critical to reduce aggression and allow for adequate swimming space.

Water Changes and General Care:

• Water Temperature: 75–82°F (24–28°C)

• pH: 6.5–8.0

• Water Changes:

  • 25–40% weekly, depending on bio-load

  • Keep nitrate levels low; Jaguar Cichlids are sensitive to poor water quality

• Filtration:

  • Strong mechanical and biological filtration is essential

  • Consider a canister filter and/or sump

Tank Setup:

• Substrate: Sand or fine gravel

• Decor: Large rocks, driftwood, caves for hiding

• Plants: Generally not recommended—these fish will uproot or destroy most plants

• Lighting: Moderate

• Lid: Secure, as Jaguars may jump

Temperament and Tankmates:

• Temperament: Highly aggressive and territorial, especially when breeding

• Best Kept:

  • Alone, or

  • With other large, robust Central/South American cichlids, Catfish, Armored Plecos, Silver Dollars etc.

• Unsuitable Tankmates: Small fish (they will be eaten), passive or slow-moving species

Potential Tankmates (only in large tanks with caution):

• Oscar Cichlid

• Green Terror

• Red Devil

Diet:

• Feeding Type: Carnivore/Predator

• In the Wild: Feeds on fish, invertebrates, and small animals

• In Captivity:

  • High-quality cichlid pellets (staple)

  • Supplement with:

    • Frozen  krill, shrimp, silversides, tilapia 

  • Avoid fatty meats and feeder fish (disease risk)

Breeding:

• Breeding Type: Egg-layers; pair bonds form

• Spawning Setup:

  • Provide flat rocks, caves, or slabs as potential spawning sites

  • Separate breeding tank or very large main tank recommended due to aggression

• Behavior:

  • Extremely aggressive during breeding

  • Both parents guard eggs and fry aggressively

• Clutch Size: 500–2,000 eggs

• Incubation: 3–5 days

• Free-Swimming: Fry become free-swimming after 5–7 days post-hatching

• Feeding Fry:

  • live baby brine shrimp then crushed flake/pellets once they put on some size

Natural Environment:

• Habitat: Native to Central America, particularly Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua in Nicaragua, as well as surrounding rivers and lakes

• Environment:

  • Warm, turbid waters with muddy or sandy bottoms

  • Often found in slow-moving areas with submerged structures

• Ecological Role: Apex predator in native range, feeding on smaller fish and invertebrates

Overview:

The Jaguar Cichlid (Parachromis managuensis) is a bold, beautiful, and powerful fish best suited for experienced aquarists. With a striking pattern resembling jaguar spots and a fierce predatory nature, this species commands attention in any large cichlid setup. Due to its size and aggressive temperament, it requires substantial space, careful selection of tankmates, and diligent maintenance. Breeding is achievable in captivity and often results in highly protective parental behavior. Keeping Jaguar Cichlids is a rewarding challenge for aquarists ready to handle their needs.